- Loan of £16 to John Cabot - also known as Giovanni Chabotte - who found North America in 1497
- Form makes reference to 'the new land'
- Bank document hints mariners from Bristol had found America BEFORE
By Rob Waugh
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Although Christopher Columbus is widely credited as the 'discoverer' of America, a new loan form to the first sailor to find North America hints that other expeditions might have found the continent BEFORE 1492.
The loan to John Cabot - discovered by historical detective work - makes reference to 'THE new land', hinting that sailors had discovered America BEFORE Cabot or Columbus.
Christopher Columbus famously sailed to the Caribbean islands in 1492 - but with a royal patent from Henry VII of England, John Cabot, a Venetian merchant, sailed from Bristol to North America in 1497.
Christopher Columbus famously sailed to the Caribbean islands in 1492 - but with a royal patent from Henry VII of England, John Cabot, a Venetian merchant, sailed from Bristol to North America in 1497
The ledger entry showing the payment to John Cabot
The new discovery shows that the first European to set foot in North America since the Viking Leif Ericsson in the 11th Century was financed by a loan of 50 nobles (£16, 13s, 4d) from the Bardi banking house.
Just like Columbus, the Engish voyages were financed by the great Italian merchant banks of the era, receiving the loan in 1496.
John Cabot - also known as Zuan Caboto or Giovanni Chabotte due to his Venetian birth - made two voyages, one in the summer of 1496, one in 1497.
On the second journey, he landed in Newfoundland.
The entry itself is also curious in that the reference to ‘the new land’ implies that the money was given so that Cabot could find a land that was already known about.
As such, it may revive claims that Bristol merchants had discovered North America at an earlier time. Dr Guidi-Bruscoli is more cautious on this score, however. ‘While the entry implies that the Bardi believed in a prior discovery, we can't assume this had occurred.
'It is likely the Bardi were referring to the mythical 'Island of Brasil', which Bristol mariners certainly claimed had been found by one of their number in times past. Whether this story can be equated with an actual discovery is much more uncertain, however.’
Dr Jones agrees. ‘It would be wonderful to find that Bristol mariners had first visited North America before the 1480s â€" if only because it would cast new light on the originality of Columbus' venture of 1492. Right now, however, we can't be sure about that. Although one never knows, that could change.’
The entry itself is also curious in that the reference to ¿the new land¿ implies that the money was given so that Cabot could find a land that was already known about
A replica of the 15th Century ship, Nina, front, one of three ships that sailed in 1492 with Christopher Columbus
John Cabot - also known as Zuan Caboto or Giovanni Chabotte - made two voyages, one in the summer of 1496, one in 1497
Although Christopher Columbus is widely credited as the 'discoverer' of America, an English expedition found North America first - with a little help from a Florentine merchant bank
A painting depicting John Cabot at the shores of Labrador - but did other sailors get there first?
Dr Evan Jones, who leads the project in Bristol, describes the new evidence as a ‘fantastic find’. He adds, ‘We have long known that Italy's great merchant banks were key to the success of the ventures launched by Portugal and Spain. But it always seemed that the English ventures were an exception. Now it is clear that they too were part of network of Italian-financed expeditions to explore beyond the limits of the known world.’
The payment of 50 nobles (£16 13s. 4d.) was made so that 'Giovanni Chabotte' of Venice, as he is styled in the document, could undertake expeditions 'to go and find the new land'.
The second of these was to result in the European discovery of North America â€" Christopher Columbus not having ventured beyond the Caribbean islands.
Dr Guidi-Bruscoli, who is based at the University of Florence and is also a Fellow at Queen Mary in London, found the financial records after being contacted by Jones and his co-researcher, Margaret Condon.
For several years they have been attempting to relocate the research findings of a deceased historian, Dr Alwyn Ruddock.
She had made some extraordinary finds about Cabot's voyages, but had all her notes destroyed following her death in 2005.
One of Ruddock's claims was that Cabot was financed by an Italian bank.
She had, however, refused to reveal the source of her information.
Following an invitation to visit the deceased historian's house in 2010, Jones and Condon discovered the source â€" in the form of a sticky label on an old shoe cupboard: 'The Bardi firm of London'.
They then contacted Dr Guidi-Bruscoli in Florence, who was able to locate the archive, the financial ledger and the entry concerned.
Finding out about the funding of Cabot's voyages is exciting because, while it has long been known that the explorer received political support from the King, the identity and motivations of those who paid for the expeditions has never been known.
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Terrible research. It is known that the Vikings sailed to the New World several centuries before Columbus. What is not generally known that Columbus sailed on one of his neophyte trading voyages to Scandinavia (see Admiral of the Ocean Sea) where stories of the landing in America would have been well known. Columbus' most significant discovery was of the northward course of the Gulf Stream: he already knew about the rough distance from observing the state of drifting plants and bodies from Brazil.
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Amazing how all these facts appear after all this time, let history remain status quo, all this muddling around only brings more arguments to the table and they are a waste of time.
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The DM doesn't seem able to grasp that A) 1492 came before 1497 CWG, Brampton, Ontario, Canada Yes they do,if you read the story the 1492 voyage NEVER went to the mainland but stopped in the Caribbean islands. Interesting story though but as its proven that the vikings were there long before him why do most Americans still think it was Columbus?
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the Natives beat even the Vikings by thousands of year (granted, they did so when there was a land mass attaching North American to Asia but still...). - CWG, Brampton, Ontario, Canada, 4/5/2012 10:43
Not true. There were native peoples in North America before the land bridge ever existed. In fact, the oldest remains of human settlements in North America are no where near the fabled Alaskan land bridge, but are in fact in Texas. At 15,000 years old, they predate the Alaskan land bridge, any human remains found in Alaska, and indicate that North America was settled not by Siberians crossing a land bridge but by island hopping across the middle Pacific.
By the time the Inuits crossed the land bridge in Alaska the entire region from the US Southwest all the way to Peru was already inhabited.
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couldn't we just loose it again
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There is evidence that the Vikings were the first to arrive in north america, even before the Indians got there. The would then make white people the true "native americans."
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The Argies will claim it anyway.
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And the Basques routinely fished cod on the Grand Banks. It is inconceivable that they didn't know about the Continent just over the horizon.
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An ancient publication called the Navigatio says that St Brendan the Navigator was said to have sailed from Ireland to Newfoundland even before Leif Ericson. Tim Severin successfully replicated the journey, using the same leather-clad boat design and even linen sails. I am sure others have done it too
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Probably scousers. In a robbed boat. After a night on the raz. Everywhere you go there's a scouser. Can't get away from them. :D
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